The Science Behind Anxiety Medication, and Its Risks

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May 18, 2023

Keren Teichner

10th Grade

Ramaz Upper School



In recent years, anxiety medication has been more widely used due to anxiety becoming a more rampant symptom of day-to-day life. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), one out of every thirteen people suffer from anxiety, making it the most common mental health disorder in the U.S. Many people use anxiety medication to help combat their anxiety and live with the stresses of life; however, many people do not know what these medications are. What types are there? Are they safe? Who uses them? This article will speak about several different types of anxiety medication.  

The most commonly used anxiety medication is Benzodiazepines. There are many different brands of Benzodiazepines such as Xanax, Klonopin, Valium, etc. Benzodiazepines are useful since they work very quickly, sometimes within 30 - 60 minutes. They are generally used during a panic attack or anxiety episode. They affect the neurotransmitters in the brain, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, which suppresses the nerves' activity. However, it is not exactly known how Benzodiazepines work. The most common side effects of Benzodiazepines are sedation, dizziness, weakness, and unsteadiness. While rare, it is possible to become addicted to Benzodiazepines which is why they are not used for long periods of time. Another risk is that scientists are now finding that Benzodiazepines can worsen pre-existing depression. 

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Another commonly used anti-anxiety medication is SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Some examples of these are Paroxetine and Sertraline These work by increasing serotonin, which is a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter in the brain. Serotonin is associated with mood and anxiety regulation thus a higher level of serotonin may help a person struggling with anxiety. This treatment is often, as with other anxiety medications, used to treat depression. One big difference between SSRIs and Benzodiazepines is that unlike Benzodiazepines SSRIs do not work immediately. They take 4 to 6 weeks to begin seeing results. While they are mostly safe there are some side effects with the most serious being suicide. The risk of potential suicide in people on SSRIs doubles compared to someone who is not taking it. Similar to SSRIs are Tricyclics such as clomipramine and imipramine. They work by allowing serotonin and norepinephrine (another neurotransmitter, and stress hormone) to be available to your brain. 

The last main group of anxiety medication this article will discuss is beta blockers, more commonly used for treating heart conditions. They reduce blood pressure by blocking the hormone epinephrine. A commonly used beta blocker is propanol. They are often used for short-term episodes such as before someone enters a stressful situation. They can help with a fast heart rate, a shaky voice, dizziness, etc., before a big event. In short, they decrease your body's reaction to stress, which might allow you to feel less stressed. 

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While these anxiety medications are not without risk, they do have their benefits. All three different types of anxiety medication have been proven to effectively help many people suffering from anxiety. Anxiety medication is crucial in helping us, as a society, fight the current rise of anxiety. However, this must not come at the cost of overdose, which is why being educated about these drugs is crucial. 

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